Pigeons and Doves belong to the family Columbidae in the order Columbiformes. The major difference between pigeons and doves is size, with pigeons being the larger, but there is a lot a slack to this both ways. There are 11 subfamiles and 48 genera and 300 species in the family Columbidae.
The five species highlighted in bold red were photographed at Discovery Cove, FL. The location of the photos in non-bold red is on each species page.
Subfamily Columbinae – typical pigeons & doves
Genus Columbinaincluding Aplopelia – Old World pigeons (33-34 living species, 2-3 recently extinct)
Picui Ground Dove Columbina picui
Inca Dove Columbina inca
Rock Dove Columba livia
Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea
Genus Streptopelia including Stigmatopelia and Nesoenas– turtledoves (14-18 living species)
Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaoto
Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinersis
African Morning Dove Streptopelia decipiens
Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquate
Ring-necked Dove Streptopelia capicola
Genus Patagioenas – American pigeons; formerly in Columba (17 species)
Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis
Genus Ectopistes – Passenger Pigeon; formerly Leptotilinae (extinct; 1914)
Genus Macropygia (10 species)
Genus Reinwardtoena (3 species)
Genus Turacoena (2 species)
Genus Spilopelia
Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis
Genus Tutur
Emerald-spotted Wood Dove Tutur chalcospilos
Subfamily N.N. – Bronzewings and relatives
Genus Turtur – African wood-doves (5 species; tentatively placed here)
Genus Oena – Namaqua Dove (tentatively placed here)
Genus Chalcophaps (2 species)
Genus Henicophaps (2 species)
Genus Phaps (3 species)
Genus Ocyphaps – Crested Pigeon
Genus Geophaps (3 species)
Genus Petrophassa – rock-pigeons (2 species)
Genus Geopelia (3–5 species)
Zebra Dove Geopelia striata
Subfamily Leptotilinae – Zenaidine and quail-doves
Genus Zenaida (7 species)
Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata
Galapagos Dove Zenaida galapagoensis
Morning Dove Zenaida macroura
West Peruvian Dove Zenaida meloda
White-winged Dove Zenaicia asiatica
Genus Leptotila (11 species)
Gray-chested Dove Leptotila cassinii
White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi
Genus Geotrygon – quail-doves (16 species)
Genus Starnoenas – Blue-headed Quail-dove
Subfamily Columbininae – American ground doves
Genus Columbina (7 species)
Common Ground Dove Columbina passerina
Croaking Ground Dove Columbina cruziana
Inca Dove Columbina inca
Rock Dove Columba livia
Ruddy Ground Dove Columbia tapacoti
Genus Claravis (3 species)
Genus Metriopelia (4 species)
Bare-faced Ground Dove Metriopelia ceciliae
Genus Scardafella – possibly belongs into Columbina (2 species)
Genus Uropelia – Long-tailed Ground Dove
Subfamily N.N. – Indopacific ground doves
Genus Gallicolumba (16-17 living species, 3-4 recently extinct)
Bleeding Heart Dove Gallicolumba luzonica
Genus Trugon – Thick-billed Ground Pigeon
Subfamily Otidiphabinae – Pheasant Pigeon
Genus Otidiphaps – Pheasant Pigeon
Subfamily Didunculinae – Tooth-billed Pigeon
Genus Didunculus – Tooth-billed Pigeon
Subfamily Gourinae – crowned pigeons
Genus Goura (3 species)
Subfamily N.N. ("Treroninae") – green and fruit doves and imperial pigeons
Genus Ducula – imperial-pigeons (36 species)
Green Imperial Pigeon Ducula aenea
Pied Imperial Pigeon Ducula bicolor
Genus Lopholaimus – Topknot Pigeon
Genus Hemiphaga (2 species)
Genus Cryptophaps – Sombre Pigeon
Genus Gymnophaps – mountain-pigeons (3 species)
Genus Ptilinopus – fruit doves (some 50 living species, 1-2 recently extinct)
Jambu Fruit Dove Ptilinopus jambu
Genus Natunaornis – Viti Levu Giant Pigeon (prehistoric)
Genus Drepanoptila – Cloven-feathered Dove
Genus Alectroenas – blue pigeons (3 living species)
Subfamily Raphinae – didines
Genus Raphus – Dodo (extinct; late 17th century)
Genus Pezophaps – Rodrigues Solitaire (extinct; c.1730)
Placement unresolved
Genus Caloenas – Nicobar Pigeon
Nicobar Pigeon Caloenas nicobarica
Genus Treron – green pigeons (23 species)
Genus Phapitreron – brown doves (3 species)
Genus Leucosarcia – Wonga Pigeon
Genus Microgoura – Choiseul Crested Pigeon (extinct; early 20th century)
Genus Dysmoropelia – Saint Helena Dove (extinct)
Genus Bountyphaps - Henderson Island Archaic Pigeon (prehistoric)