The Volcano Junco Junco vulcani is endemic to the high mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama. This junco breeds above the timberline, typically at altitudes above 3000m, but there is an isolated population at 2100 m on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica, and forest clearance on Cerro de la Muerte has allowed this species to descend to 2600 m.

Cerro de la Muerte is the highest point in the Costa Rican section of the Inter-American Highway. Its name means "Mountain of Death", since in the past crossing the mountains from the Valle Central meant a three or four day journey, on foot or on horseback, and many ill-prepared travelers succumbed to the cold and rain. However, the peak is now easily accessible since the highway is close by.

The habitat is open grassy or brushy areas with some stunted scrubs. The Volcano Junco feeds on the ground on seeds, fallen berries, insects and spiders. It runs and hops, but flies only short distances.

As we were driving from Savegre Mountain Lodge to Esquinas Rain Forest Lodge, Jim Zook, our guide, told me that we were passing the side road to Cerro de la Muerte, where the Volcano Junco resided. When I checked its range in the bird guide I was astounded at how limited its range was (see range map). This peaked my interest and I said, “Lets go find it.” Near the top of the mountain Jim said, “Stop, open the door and go around the back of the car.” I did and there it was, close enough for great photos. It instantly became my favorite Junco and because of its limited range and great yellow eyes, one of my favorite birds.

PS. For a Junco with comparable yellow eyes, see the Yellow-eyed Junco on www.ComingsBirds.com/Arizona.

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