The Woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptinae) comprise a subfamily of birds endemic to the Neotropics. They have traditionally been considered a distinct family Dendrocolaptidae, but most authorities now place them as a subfamily of the ovenbirds (Furnariidae). They superficially resemble the Old World Treecreepers but they are unrelated and the similarities are due to convergent evolution. The subfamily contains around 57 species in 15 to 20 genera
They are generally brownish birds. The true woodcreepers maintain an upright vertical posture, supported by their stiff tail vanes.
They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks. However, woodcreepers often form part of the core group at the center of flocks attending army ant swarms. These birds can be difficult to identify in that they tend to have similar brown upperparts, and the more distinctive underparts are hard to see on a bird pressed against a trunk in deep forest shade. The bill shape, extend/shape of spots/streaks, and call are useful aids to determining species.
Subfamily Dendrocolaptinae – woodcreepers
Tribe Xenopini – xenops
Genus Megaxenops – Great Xenops
Great Xenops, Megaxenops parnaguae
Genus Xenops
Rufous-tailed Xenops, Xenops milleri
Slender-billed Xenops, Xenops tenuirostris
Plain Xenops, Xenops minutus
Streaked Xenops, Xenops rutilans

Tribe Dendrocolaptini – true woodcreepers
Genus Glyphorynchus
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper, Glyphorynchus spirurus
Genus Dendrocincla
Tyrannine Woodcreeper, Dendrocincla tyrannina
Thrush-like Woodcreeper, Dendrocincla turdina
Tawny-winged Woodcreeper, Dendrocincla anabatina
Plain-brown Woodcreeper, Dendrocincla fuliginosa
White-chinned Woodcreeper, Dendrocincla merula
Ruddy Woodcreeper, Dendrocincla homochroa

Genus Deconychura
Long-tailed Woodcreeper, Deconychura longicauda
Spot-throated Woodcreeper, Deconychura stictolaema – probably a genus on its own
Genus Sittasomus
Olivaceous Woodcreeper, Sittasomus griseicapillus
Genus Nasica
Long-billed Woodcreeper, Nasica longirostris
Genus Dendrexetastes
Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper, Dendrexetastes rufigula
Genus Dendrocolaptes
Northern Barred Woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae
Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes certhia
Hoffmanns's Woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi
Black-banded Woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes picumnus
Planalto Woodcreeper, Dendrocolaptes platyrostris
Genus Hylexetastes
Bar-bellied Woodcreeper, Hylexetastes stresemanni
Red-billed Woodcreeper, Hylexetastes perrotii
Uniform Woodcreeper, Hylexetastes (perrotii) uniformis
Brigida's Woodcreeper, Hylexetastes (perrotii) brigidai
Genus Xiphocolaptes
White-throated Woodcreeper, Xiphocolaptes albicollis
Moustached Woodcreeper, Xiphocolaptes falcirostris
Great Rufous Woodcreeper, Xiphocolaptes major
Strong-billed Woodcreeper, Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus
Genus Campylorhamphus
Greater Scythebill, Campylorhamphus pucherani
Red-billed Scythebill, Campylorhamphus trochilirostris
Brown-billed Scythebill, Campylorhamphus pusillus
Black-billed Scythebill, Campylorhamphus falcularius
Curve-billed Scythebill, Campylorhamphus procurvoides
Genus Dendroplex – formerly in Xiphorhynchus
Straight-billed Woodcreeper, Dendroplex picus
Zimmer's Woodcreeper, Dendroplex kienerii
Genus Xiphorhynchus (possibly polyphyletic)
Lesser Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus fuscus
Spix's Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus spixii
Elegant Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus elegans
Ocellated Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus ocellatus
Chestnut-rumped Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus pardalotus
Striped Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus obsoletus
Spotted Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus erythropygius
Olive-backed Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus triangularis
Ivory-billed Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus flavigaster
Black-striped Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus
Buff-throated Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus guttatus
Lafesnaye's Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus (guttatus) guttatoides
Cocoa Woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus susurrans
Genus Drymornis
Scimitar-billed Woodcreeper, Drymornis bridgesii
Genus Lepidocolaptes
White-striped Woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes leucogaster
Streak-headed Woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes souleyetii
Narrow-billed Woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes angustirostris
Spot-crowned Woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes affinis
Montane Woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger
Scaled Woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes squamatus
Scalloped Woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes falcinellus
Lineated Woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes albolineatus